China should prevent Foreign Energy Giants to kidnap its economy
Released on 2011-10-21 17:54 | readings
由于中国对资源的巨大需求，2010年世界主要三个矿业公司取得了骄人的销售业绩。全球最大的铁矿石供应商，巴西的淡水河谷公司2010年的铁矿石出口额达到了285亿美元。有数据显示，淡水河谷在中国的市场份额正不断提升，去年，该公司甚至想在中国建立铁矿石的分销中心，以增强在中国的影响力。此外，淡水河谷去年年底已率先发出信号，意欲将今年第一季度中国的铁矿石价格比去年第四季度提高8.8%左右。此外，澳大利亚铁矿石供应商力拓和必和必拓，也公布了颇为出色的多季财报报表，甚至被国外的金融机构纷纷看好这两个公司，并给予了不错的评级。
但是，由中国需求所带动的国外能源集团利润大幅增长的另一面是却是中国所承受的“高矿价、低钢价”带来的双重压力。因为三大国外三大矿商垄断了铁矿石的全球市场价格，中国的钢铁行业不得不承受铁矿石涨价所带来的巨大的制造成本，利润空间已经被国外能源巨头挤压地非常小了。有消息称：“中国钢铁行业去年全年利润850亿元，扣除投资收益80亿元，主业利润仅770亿元。”
铁矿领域的这种现象并不是个例，中国被外资所绑架的能源领域现在正在不断地蔓延。铜精矿谈判日前从日本传来消息，铜精矿加工粗炼和精炼费将涨至每吨80美元和每磅8美分，这意味着中国2011年的铜精矿加工费将大幅上涨，而利润最终只会流向美国最大的上市铜生产商自由港迈克墨伦铜金矿公司、力拓和必和必拓等矿业巨头。
这种现象的原因，在于中国在国际矿业博弈当中话语权的缺失，这种缺失一是因为中国在部分能源领域的发展模式在简单照抄西方体制；而另一方面，中国相关企业在和国外能源公司的商业谈判中，显得经验不足，受制于人。最后的结果，正如中商流通生产力促进中心分析师赫荣亮对《国际金融报》记者所说的：“中国有的资源，价格非常低廉，如稀土。没有的资源，价格却节节攀升，如原油、煤炭、铁矿石。”
中国现在对国外能源的依赖度还不是很大，据本报2005年1月3号报道，中國能源整体对外依存度不超过5%，但是随着中国经济的不断增长，中国对国际能源的依赖会越来越大。本报05年7月11日便报道说，2020年中国石油和天然氣对外依存度將达50%。而中国作为世界上最大的煤炭生产国和以前的煤炭出口国，也在2009年首次成为了煤炭的进口国。2010年前11个月中国累计净进口煤炭1.3亿吨，超过了2009年全年的1.03亿吨。中国煤炭资源也出现了“先出口，再进口”的奇怪模式。此外，中国原油依存度也在不断提高，到2010年已达55%。相关专家预测这种依赖度会以每年2%的速度增长。
因此，中国应赶快改变上游资源受制外资的现状，完善缺失的产业投资规划功能，改变一味依赖外资和引进外资的现状；同时解决深层次的体制问题并反思资源战略。这样才能防止中国经济被外国能源商绑架。赫荣亮认为，国外掌握话语权的重要原因是，与以往全球产业链的利润主要留在制造工业环节不同，目前附加价值已经流入到了原料、设计等环节，而中国的思维仍旧停留在制造业的层面。赫荣亮说，“这是中国企业学习的方向，国有企业应该为中国在资源领域的话语权作出更大贡献。”
The 3 biggest mining companies in the world made outstanding sales performance in 2010 because of China's huge demand for resources. For example, the iron ore exports of Brazil's CRVD, the world's largest iron ore supplier, in 2010 reached $ 28.5 billion. Data shows that CVRD's market share in China is rising, and in the last year, the company even considered establishing one distribution center of iron ore in China to enhance its influence in this country. In addition, CVRD has released in the last year the signals of the intention to increase the iron ore price of the first quarter of this year in China with about 8.8 percent. Furthermore, two Australian iron ore suppliers, Rio Tinto and BHP Billiton, also released a rather excellent multi-quarter earnings report, even foreign financial institutions are taking positive attitudes about the two companies, and give them good ratings.
However, the other side of substantial increase in profits of the foreign energy groups driven by Chinese demand is that China is under the dual pressures caused by the "high mineral prices, lower steel prices" atmosphere. Because the three major iron ore mining companies monopoly the global market prices, China's steel industry has to bear the enormous iron ore price increases of manufacturing costs, and the profit margins have been squeezed to be very small by foreign energy giants . It is said that:“the profits of the steel industry in China in the last year was 85 billion Yuan ,and the main business profits was only 77 billion Yuan ,excluding the 8 billion net investment income ”.
his sort of phenomenon is very common in the field of iron ore and the energy sectors of China kidnapped by foreign investors are constantly spreading now. The news from copper negotiations in Japan showed that the cost of processing copper concentrate smelting and refining will rise to be $ 80 per ton and 8 cents per pound, which means that the fees of processing copper concentrate will increase significantly, and the profits will eventually flow to Freeport Copper & Gold's ink, the largest U.S. listed copper producer, Rio Tinto, BHP Billiton and other mining giants.
We could find that the reason for this phenomenon is the lack of the power to speak for China in the international mining industry's game. The first reason for it is that China's development model in some part of the energy sector is just the simple copy of the western system, and on the other side, relevant Chinese enterprises appears to be short of experience and manpower in the commercial negotiations with foreign energy companies. And the result is just like what Rongliang Hao, the analyst in Commercial Circulation Productivity Center, told the reporter of International Financial: “the price of resources China owns, such as rare earths, is very low, but the price of resources China does not ownss, such as oil, coal and iron ore, is increasing instantly.”
The dependence degree of foreign energy for China is not great now. According to the report of CEN on January 3, 2005, China's dependence on foreign energy overall was no more than 5%. However, with the continuous growth of China's economy, China’s demand for international energy will be larger and larger in the future. As China Economic News reported on July 11, 2005, in 2020 China's dependence on foreign oil and natural gas will reach to 50%. In 2009, China, the world's largest coal producer and previous coal exporter, became the coal importer. The cumulative import of coal, behind the oddly model of “export, than import”, in the first 11 months in 2010 is 130 million tons, which was more than the total import amount in 2009. In addition, the dependence degree on oil of China had increased to 55% in 2010 and experts predicted that this degree will increase at the rate of 2% every year.
Therefore, China should change quickly the status that the upstream resources are restricted by foreign investment and it relies on foreign capital, and improve the industrial investment function itself; at the same time, it should solve the deep system problems and rethink its resources strategy in order to keep Chinese economy from kidnapped by foreign energy companies. As Rongliang Hao said, the main reason the foreign companies control the right to speak is that , unlike before, when the main profit of the world industry chain came from manufacturing , the added value now has went to the stage of raw material and design. Hao said:”This is what Chinese companies should learn from foreign companies. The state owned enterprises should try to gain more power to speak for China. ”
由于中国对资源的巨大需求，2010年世界主要三个矿业公司取得了骄人的销售业绩。全球最大的铁矿石供应商，巴西的淡水河谷公司2010年的铁矿石出口额达到了285亿美元。有数据显示，淡水河谷在中国的市场份额正不断提升，去年，该公司甚至想在中国建立铁矿石的分销中心，以增强在中国的影响力。此外，淡水河谷去年年底已率先发出信号，意欲将今年第一季度中国的铁矿石价格比去年第四季度提高8.8%左右。此外，澳大利亚铁矿石供应商力拓和必和必拓，也公布了颇为出色的多季财报报表，甚至被国外的金融机构纷纷看好这两个公司，并给予了不错的评级。
但是，由中国需求所带动的国外能源集团利润大幅增长的另一面是却是中国所承受的“高矿价、低钢价”带来的双重压力。因为三大国外三大矿商垄断了铁矿石的全球市场价格，中国的钢铁行业不得不承受铁矿石涨价所带来的巨大的制造成本，利润空间已经被国外能源巨头挤压地非常小了。有消息称：“中国钢铁行业去年全年利润850亿元，扣除投资收益80亿元，主业利润仅770亿元。”
铁矿领域的这种现象并不是个例，中国被外资所绑架的能源领域现在正在不断地蔓延。铜精矿谈判日前从日本传来消息，铜精矿加工粗炼和精炼费将涨至每吨80美元和每磅8美分，这意味着中国2011年的铜精矿加工费将大幅上涨，而利润最终只会流向美国最大的上市铜生产商自由港迈克墨伦铜金矿公司、力拓和必和必拓等矿业巨头。
这种现象的原因，在于中国在国际矿业博弈当中话语权的缺失，这种缺失一是因为中国在部分能源领域的发展模式在简单照抄西方体制；而另一方面，中国相关企业在和国外能源公司的商业谈判中，显得经验不足，受制于人。最后的结果，正如中商流通生产力促进中心分析师赫荣亮对《国际金融报》记者所说的：“中国有的资源，价格非常低廉，如稀土。没有的资源，价格却节节攀升，如原油、煤炭、铁矿石。”
中国现在对国外能源的依赖度还不是很大，据本报2005年1月3号报道，中國能源整体对外依存度不超过5%，但是随着中国经济的不断增长，中国对国际能源的依赖会越来越大。本报05年7月11日便报道说，2020年中国石油和天然氣对外依存度將达50%。而中国作为世界上最大的煤炭生产国和以前的煤炭出口国，也在2009年首次成为了煤炭的进口国。2010年前11个月中国累计净进口煤炭1.3亿吨，超过了2009年全年的1.03亿吨。中国煤炭资源也出现了“先出口，再进口”的奇怪模式。此外，中国原油依存度也在不断提高，到2010年已达55%。相关专家预测这种依赖度会以每年2%的速度增长。
因此，中国应赶快改变上游资源受制外资的现状，完善缺失的产业投资规划功能，改变一味依赖外资和引进外资的现状；同时解决深层次的体制问题并反思资源战略。这样才能防止中国经济被外国能源商绑架。赫荣亮认为，国外掌握话语权的重要原因是，与以往全球产业链的利润主要留在制造工业环节不同，目前附加价值已经流入到了原料、设计等环节，而中国的思维仍旧停留在制造业的层面。赫荣亮说，“这是中国企业学习的方向，国有企业应该为中国在资源领域的话语权作出更大贡献。”
The 3 biggest mining companies in the world made outstanding sales performance in 2010 because of China's huge demand for resources. For example, the iron ore exports of Brazil's CRVD, the world's largest iron ore supplier, in 2010 reached $ 28.5 billion. Data shows that CVRD's market share in China is rising, and in the last year, the company even considered establishing one distribution center of iron ore in China to enhance its influence in this country. In addition, CVRD has released in the last year the signals of the intention to increase the iron ore price of the first quarter of this year in China with about 8.8 percent. Furthermore, two Australian iron ore suppliers, Rio Tinto and BHP Billiton, also released a rather excellent multi-quarter earnings report, even foreign financial institutions are taking positive attitudes about the two companies, and give them good ratings.
However, the other side of substantial increase in profits of the foreign energy groups driven by Chinese demand is that China is under the dual pressures caused by the "high mineral prices, lower steel prices" atmosphere. Because the three major iron ore mining companies monopoly the global market prices, China's steel industry has to bear the enormous iron ore price increases of manufacturing costs, and the profit margins have been squeezed to be very small by foreign energy giants . It is said that:“the profits of the steel industry in China in the last year was 85 billion Yuan ,and the main business profits was only 77 billion Yuan ,excluding the 8 billion net investment income ”.
his sort of phenomenon is very common in the field of iron ore and the energy sectors of China kidnapped by foreign investors are constantly spreading now. The news from copper negotiations in Japan showed that the cost of processing copper concentrate smelting and refining will rise to be $ 80 per ton and 8 cents per pound, which means that the fees of processing copper concentrate will increase significantly, and the profits will eventually flow to Freeport Copper & Gold's ink, the largest U.S. listed copper producer, Rio Tinto, BHP Billiton and other mining giants.
We could find that the reason for this phenomenon is the lack of the power to speak for China in the international mining industry's game. The first reason for it is that China's development model in some part of the energy sector is just the simple copy of the western system, and on the other side, relevant Chinese enterprises appears to be short of experience and manpower in the commercial negotiations with foreign energy companies. And the result is just like what Rongliang Hao, the analyst in Commercial Circulation Productivity Center, told the reporter of International Financial: “the price of resources China owns, such as rare earths, is very low, but the price of resources China does not ownss, such as oil, coal and iron ore, is increasing instantly.”
The dependence degree of foreign energy for China is not great now. According to the report of CEN on January 3, 2005, China's dependence on foreign energy overall was no more than 5%. However, with the continuous growth of China's economy, China’s demand for international energy will be larger and larger in the future. As China Economic News reported on July 11, 2005, in 2020 China's dependence on foreign oil and natural gas will reach to 50%. In 2009, China, the world's largest coal producer and previous coal exporter, became the coal importer. The cumulative import of coal, behind the oddly model of “export, than import”, in the first 11 months in 2010 is 130 million tons, which was more than the total import amount in 2009. In addition, the dependence degree on oil of China had increased to 55% in 2010 and experts predicted that this degree will increase at the rate of 2% every year.
Therefore, China should change quickly the status that the upstream resources are restricted by foreign investment and it relies on foreign capital, and improve the industrial investment function itself; at the same time, it should solve the deep system problems and rethink its resources strategy in order to keep Chinese economy from kidnapped by foreign energy companies. As Rongliang Hao said, the main reason the foreign companies control the right to speak is that , unlike before, when the main profit of the world industry chain came from manufacturing , the added value now has went to the stage of raw material and design. Hao said:”This is what Chinese companies should learn from foreign companies. The state owned enterprises should try to gain more power to speak for China. ”